EntityFrameworkCore.Jet/test/EFCore.Jet.FunctionalTests/JetValueGenerationScenariosTest.cs

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using EntityFrameworkCore.Jet.Data;
using System.Linq;
using EntityFrameworkCore.Jet.FunctionalTests.TestUtilities;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Diagnostics;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.TestUtilities;
using Xunit;
using NetTopologySuite.Geometries;

// ReSharper disable InconsistentNaming
namespace EntityFrameworkCore.Jet.FunctionalTests
{
    public class JetValueGenerationScenariosTest
    {
        private const string DatabaseName = "JetValueGenerationScenariosTest";

        // Positive cases

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_Identity_column()
        {
            using var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
            using (var context = new BlogContextIdentity(testStore.Name))
            {
                context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                context.AddRange(
                    new Blog { Name = "One Unicorn" }, new Blog { Name = "Two Unicorns" });

                context.SaveChanges();
            }

            using (var context = new BlogContextIdentity(testStore.Name))
            {
                var blogs = context.Blogs.OrderBy(e => e.Id).ToList();

                Assert.Equal(1, blogs[0].Id);
                Assert.Equal(2, blogs[1].Id);
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextIdentity : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextIdentity(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_explicit_non_default_keys()
        {
            using var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
            using (var context = new BlogContextNoKeyGeneration(testStore.Name))
            {
                context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                context.AddRange(
                    new Blog { Id = 66, Name = "One Unicorn" }, new Blog { Id = 67, Name = "Two Unicorns" });

                context.SaveChanges();
            }

            using (var context = new BlogContextNoKeyGeneration(testStore.Name))
            {
                var blogs = context.Blogs.OrderBy(e => e.Id).ToList();

                Assert.Equal(66, blogs[0].Id);
                Assert.Equal(67, blogs[1].Id);
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextNoKeyGeneration : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextNoKeyGeneration(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                modelBuilder
                    .Entity<Blog>()
                    .Property(e => e.Id)
                    .ValueGeneratedNever();
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_explicit_with_default_keys()
        {
            using var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
            using (var context = new BlogContextNoKeyGenerationNullableKey(testStore.Name))
            {
                context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                context.AddRange(
                    new NullableKeyBlog { Id = 0, Name = "One Unicorn" },
                    new NullableKeyBlog { Id = 1, Name = "Two Unicorns" });

                context.SaveChanges();
            }

            using (var context = new BlogContextNoKeyGenerationNullableKey(testStore.Name))
            {
                var blogs = context.NullableKeyBlogs.OrderBy(e => e.Id).ToList();

                Assert.Equal(0, blogs[0].Id);
                Assert.Equal(1, blogs[1].Id);
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextNoKeyGenerationNullableKey : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextNoKeyGenerationNullableKey(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                modelBuilder
                    .Entity<NullableKeyBlog>()
                    .Property(e => e.Id)
                    .ValueGeneratedNever();
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_non_key_default_value()
        {
            using var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);

            using (var context = new BlogContextNonKeyDefaultValue(testStore.Name))
            {
                context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                var blogs = new List<Blog>
                {
                    new() { Name = "One Unicorn" },
                    new()
                    {
                        Name = "Two Unicorns",
                        CreatedOn = new DateTime(1969, 8, 3, 0, 10, 0)
                    }
                };

                context.AddRange(blogs);

                context.SaveChanges();

                Assert.NotEqual(new DateTime(), blogs[0].CreatedOn);
                Assert.NotEqual(new DateTime(), blogs[1].CreatedOn);
            }

            using (var context = new BlogContextNonKeyDefaultValue(testStore.Name))
            {
                var blogs = context.Blogs.OrderBy(e => e.Name).ToList();
                Assert.Equal(3, blogs.Count);

                Assert.NotEqual(new DateTime(), blogs[0].CreatedOn);
                Assert.Equal(new DateTime(1969, 8, 3, 0, 10, 0), blogs[1].CreatedOn);
                Assert.Equal(new DateTime(1974, 8, 3, 0, 10, 0), blogs[2].CreatedOn);

                blogs[0].CreatedOn = new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 0);

                blogs[1].Name = "X Unicorns";

                blogs[2].Name = "Y Unicorns";

                context.SaveChanges();
            }

            using (var context = new BlogContextNonKeyDefaultValue(testStore.Name))
            {
                var blogs = context.Blogs.OrderBy(e => e.Name).ToList();
                Assert.Equal(3, blogs.Count);

                Assert.Equal(new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 0), blogs[0].CreatedOn);
                Assert.Equal(new DateTime(1969, 8, 3, 0, 10, 0), blogs[1].CreatedOn);
                Assert.Equal(new DateTime(1974, 8, 3, 0, 10, 0), blogs[2].CreatedOn);
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextNonKeyDefaultValue : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextNonKeyDefaultValue(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>(
                    b =>
                    {
                        b.Property(e => e.CreatedOn)
                            .HasDefaultValueSql("now()");

                        b.HasData(
                            new Blog
                            {
                                Id = 9979,
                                Name = "W Unicorns",
                                CreatedOn = new DateTime(1974, 8, 3, 0, 10, 0)
                            });
                    });
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_non_key_default_value_readonly()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextNonKeyReadOnlyDefaultValue(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    context.AddRange(
                        new Blog { Name = "One Unicorn" },
                        new Blog { Name = "Two Unicorns" });

                    context.SaveChanges();

                    Assert.NotEqual(new DateTime(), context.Blogs.ToList()[0].CreatedOn);
                }

                DateTime dateTime0;

                using (var context = new BlogContextNonKeyReadOnlyDefaultValue(testStore.Name))
                {
                    var blogs = context.Blogs.OrderBy(e => e.Id).ToList();

                    dateTime0 = blogs[0].CreatedOn;

                    Assert.NotEqual(new DateTime(), dateTime0);
                    Assert.NotEqual(new DateTime(), blogs[1].CreatedOn);

                    blogs[0].Name = "One Pegasus";
                    blogs[1].CreatedOn = new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 0);

                    context.SaveChanges();
                }

                using (var context = new BlogContextNonKeyReadOnlyDefaultValue(testStore.Name))
                {
                    var blogs = context.Blogs.OrderBy(e => e.Id).ToList();

                    Assert.Equal(dateTime0, blogs[0].CreatedOn);
                    Assert.Equal(new DateTime(1973, 9, 3, 0, 10, 0), blogs[1].CreatedOn);
                }
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextNonKeyReadOnlyDefaultValue : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextNonKeyReadOnlyDefaultValue(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>()
                    .Property(e => e.CreatedOn)
                    .HasDefaultValueSql("now()")
                    .Metadata.SetBeforeSaveBehavior(PropertySaveBehavior.Throw);
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_and_update_with_computed_column()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    var blog = context.Add(
                        new FullNameBlog { FirstName = "One", LastName = "Unicorn" }).Entity;

                    context.SaveChanges();

                    Assert.Equal("One Unicorn", blog.FullName);
                }

                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                {
                    var blog = context.FullNameBlogs.Single();

                    Assert.Equal("One Unicorn", blog.FullName);

                    blog.LastName = "Pegasus";

                    context.SaveChanges();

                    Assert.Equal("One Pegasus", blog.FullName);
                }
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextComputedColumn : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextComputedColumn(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                var property = modelBuilder.Entity<FullNameBlog>()
                    .Property(e => e.FullName)
                    .HasComputedColumnSql("FirstName + ' ' + LastName")
                    .Metadata;

                property.SetBeforeSaveBehavior(PropertySaveBehavior.Throw);
                property.SetAfterSaveBehavior(PropertySaveBehavior.Throw);
            }
        }

        // #6044
        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_and_update_with_computed_column_with_function()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumnWithFunction(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.ExecuteSqlRaw
                    (
                        @"CREATE FUNCTION
`GetFullName`(@First NVARCHAR(MAX), @Second NVARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX) WITH SCHEMABINDING AS BEGIN RETURN @First + @Second END");

                    context.GetService<IRelationalDatabaseCreator>().CreateTables();
                }

                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumnWithFunction(testStore.Name))
                {
                    var blog = context.Add(
                        new FullNameBlog { FirstName = "One", LastName = "Unicorn" }).Entity;

                    context.SaveChanges();

                    Assert.Equal("OneUnicorn", blog.FullName);
                }

                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumnWithFunction(testStore.Name))
                {
                    var blog = context.FullNameBlogs.Single();

                    Assert.Equal("OneUnicorn", blog.FullName);

                    blog.LastName = "Pegasus";

                    context.SaveChanges();

                    Assert.Equal("OnePegasus", blog.FullName);
                }
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextComputedColumnWithFunction : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextComputedColumnWithFunction(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                modelBuilder.Entity<FullNameBlog>()
                    .Property(e => e.FullName)
                    .HasComputedColumnSql("`GetFullName`(`FirstName`, `LastName`)")
                    .Metadata.SetAfterSaveBehavior(PropertySaveBehavior.Throw);
            }
        }

        // #6044
        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_and_update_with_computed_column_with_querying_function()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.GetService<IRelationalDatabaseCreator>().CreateTables();

                    context.Database.ExecuteSqlRaw("ALTER TABLE FullNameBlogs DROP COLUMN FullName;");

                    context.Database.ExecuteSqlRaw(
                        @"CREATE FUNCTION `GetFullName`(@Id int)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX) WITH SCHEMABINDING AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @FullName NVARCHAR(MAX);
    SELECT @FullName = `FirstName` + `LastName` FROM `FullNameBlogs` WHERE `Id` = @Id;
    RETURN @FullName
END");

                    context.Database.ExecuteSqlRaw("ALTER TABLE FullNameBlogs ADD FullName AS `GetFullName`(`Id`); ");
                }

                try
                {
                    using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                    {
                        var blog = context.Add(
                            new FullNameBlog { FirstName = "One", LastName = "Unicorn" }).Entity;

                        context.SaveChanges();

                        Assert.Equal("OneUnicorn", blog.FullName);
                    }

                    using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                    {
                        var blog = context.FullNameBlogs.Single();

                        Assert.Equal("OneUnicorn", blog.FullName);

                        blog.LastName = "Pegasus";

                        context.SaveChanges();

                        Assert.Equal("OnePegasus", blog.FullName);
                    }

                    using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                    {
                        var blog1 = context.Add(
                            new FullNameBlog { FirstName = "Hank", LastName = "Unicorn" }).Entity;
                        var blog2 = context.Add(
                            new FullNameBlog { FirstName = "Jeff", LastName = "Unicorn" }).Entity;

                        context.SaveChanges();

                        Assert.Equal("HankUnicorn", blog1.FullName);
                        Assert.Equal("JeffUnicorn", blog2.FullName);
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                    {
                        context.Database.ExecuteSqlRaw("ALTER TABLE FullNameBlogs DROP COLUMN FullName;");
                        context.Database.ExecuteSqlRaw("DROP FUNCTION `GetFullName`;");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_client_generated_GUID_key()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                Guid afterSave;
                using (var context = new BlogContextClientGuidKey(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    var blog = context.Add(
                        new GuidBlog { Name = "One Unicorn" }).Entity;

                    var beforeSave = blog.Id;
                    var beforeSaveNotId = blog.NotId;

                    Assert.NotEqual(default, beforeSave);
                    Assert.NotEqual(default, beforeSaveNotId);

                    context.SaveChanges();

                    afterSave = blog.Id;
                    var afterSaveNotId = blog.NotId;

                    Assert.Equal(beforeSave, afterSave);
                    Assert.Equal(beforeSaveNotId, afterSaveNotId);
                }

                using (var context = new BlogContextClientGuidKey(testStore.Name))
                {
                    Assert.Equal(afterSave, context.GuidBlogs.Single().Id);
                }
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextClientGuidKey : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextClientGuidKey(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
                => modelBuilder.Entity<GuidBlog>(
                    eb =>
                    {
                        eb.HasAlternateKey(e => e.NotId);
                        eb.Property(e => e.NotId).ValueGeneratedOnAdd();
                    });
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_ValueGeneratedOnAdd_GUID_nonkey_property_throws()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextClientGuidNonKey(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    var blog = context.Add(
                        new GuidBlog { Name = "One Unicorn" }).Entity;

                    Assert.Equal(default, blog.NotId);

                    // No value set on a required column
                    Assert.Throws<DbUpdateException>(() => context.SaveChanges());
                }
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextClientGuidNonKey : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextClientGuidNonKey(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
                => modelBuilder.Entity<GuidBlog>().Property(e => e.NotId).ValueGeneratedOnAdd();
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_server_generated_GUID_key()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                Guid afterSave;
                using (var context = new BlogContextServerGuidKey(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    var blog = context.Add(
                        new GuidBlog { Name = "One Unicorn" }).Entity;

                    var beforeSave = blog.Id;
                    var beforeSaveNotId = blog.NotId;

                    Assert.Equal(default, beforeSave);
                    Assert.Equal(default, beforeSaveNotId);

                    context.SaveChanges();

                    afterSave = blog.Id;
                    var afterSaveNotId = blog.NotId;

                    Assert.NotEqual(default, afterSave);
                    Assert.NotEqual(default, afterSaveNotId);
                    Assert.NotEqual(beforeSave, afterSave);
                    Assert.NotEqual(beforeSaveNotId, afterSaveNotId);
                }

                using (var context = new BlogContextServerGuidKey(testStore.Name))
                {
                    Assert.Equal(afterSave, context.GuidBlogs.Single().Id);
                }
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextServerGuidKey : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextServerGuidKey(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                modelBuilder
                    .Entity<GuidBlog>(
                        eb =>
                        {
                            eb.Property(e => e.Id)
                                .HasDefaultValueSql("GenGUID()");
                            eb.Property(e => e.NotId)
                                .HasDefaultValueSql("GenGUID()");
                        });
            }
        }

        // Negative cases
        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_explicit_non_default_keys_by_default()
        {
            using var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
            using var context = new BlogContext(testStore.Name);
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            context.AddRange(
                new Blog { Id = 1, Name = "One Unicorn" }, new Blog { Id = 2, Name = "Two Unicorns" });

            // DbUpdateException : An error occurred while updating the entries. See the
            // inner exception for details.
            // SqlException : Cannot insert explicit value for identity column in table
            // 'Blog' when IDENTITY_INSERT is set to OFF.
            context.Database.CreateExecutionStrategy().Execute(
                context, c => {
                    var updateException = Assert.Throws<DbUpdateException>(() => c.SaveChanges());
                    Assert.Single(updateException.Entries);
                });
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_explicit_default_keys()
        {
            using var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
            using var context = new BlogContext(testStore.Name);
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            context.AddRange(
                new Blog { Id = 0, Name = "One Unicorn" }, new Blog { Id = 1, Name = "Two Unicorns" });

            // DbUpdateException : An error occurred while updating the entries. See the
            // inner exception for details.
            // SqlException : Cannot insert explicit value for identity column in table
            // 'Blog' when IDENTITY_INSERT is set to OFF.
            var updateException = Assert.Throws<DbUpdateException>(() => context.SaveChanges());
            Assert.Single(updateException.Entries);
        }

        public class BlogContext : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContext(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_with_implicit_default_keys()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextSpecifyKeysUsingDefault(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    context.AddRange(
                        new Blog { Id = 0, Name = "One Unicorn" }, new Blog { Id = 1, Name = "Two Unicorns" });

                    context.SaveChanges();
                }

                using (var context = new BlogContextSpecifyKeysUsingDefault(testStore.Name))
                {
                    var blogs = context.Blogs.OrderBy(e => e.Id).ToList();

                    Assert.Equal(0, blogs[0].Id);
                    Assert.Equal(1, blogs[1].Id);
                }
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextSpecifyKeysUsingDefault : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextSpecifyKeysUsingDefault(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                modelBuilder
                    .Entity<Blog>()
                    .Property(e => e.Id)
                    .ValueGeneratedNever();
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_explicit_value_throws_when_readonly_before_save()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextNonKeyReadOnlyDefaultValue(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    context.AddRange(
                        new Blog { Name = "One Unicorn" },
                        new Blog { Name = "Two Unicorns", CreatedOn = new DateTime(1969, 8, 3, 0, 10, 0) });

                    // The property 'CreatedOn' on entity type 'Blog' is defined to be read-only before it is
                    // saved, but its value has been set to something other than a temporary or default value.
                    Assert.Equal(
                        CoreStrings.PropertyReadOnlyBeforeSave("CreatedOn", "Blog"),
                        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => context.SaveChanges()).Message);
                }
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Insert_explicit_value_into_computed_column()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    context.Add(
                        new FullNameBlog
                        {
                            FirstName = "One",
                            LastName = "Unicorn",
                            FullName = "Gerald"
                        });

                    // The property 'FullName' on entity type 'FullNameBlog' is defined to be read-only before it is
                    // saved, but its value has been set to something other than a temporary or default value.
                    Assert.Equal(
                        CoreStrings.PropertyReadOnlyBeforeSave("FullName", "FullNameBlog"),
                        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => context.SaveChanges()).Message);
                }
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Update_explicit_value_in_computed_column()
        {
            using (var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName))
            {
                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                {
                    context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

                    context.Add(
                        new FullNameBlog { FirstName = "One", LastName = "Unicorn" });

                    context.SaveChanges();
                }

                using (var context = new BlogContextComputedColumn(testStore.Name))
                {
                    var blog = context.FullNameBlogs.Single();

                    blog.FullName = "The Gorilla";

                    // The property 'FullName' on entity type 'FullNameBlog' is defined to be read-only after it has been saved,
                    // but its value has been modified or marked as modified.
                    Assert.Equal(
                        CoreStrings.PropertyReadOnlyAfterSave("FullName", "FullNameBlog"),
                        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => context.SaveChanges()).Message);
                }
            }
        }

        // Concurrency
        [ConditionalFact]
        public void Resolve_concurrency()
        {
            using var testStore = JetTestStore.CreateInitialized(DatabaseName);
            using var context = new BlogContextConcurrencyWithRowversion(testStore.Name);
            context.Database.EnsureCreatedResiliently();

            var blog = context.Add(
                new ConcurrentBlog { Name = "One Unicorn" }).Entity;

            context.SaveChanges();

            using var innerContext = new BlogContextConcurrencyWithRowversion(testStore.Name);
            var updatedBlog = innerContext.ConcurrentBlogs.Single();
            updatedBlog.Name = "One Pegasus";
            innerContext.SaveChanges();
            var currentTimestamp = updatedBlog.Timestamp.ToArray();

            try
            {
                blog.Name = "One Earth Pony";
                context.SaveChanges();
            }
            catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)
            {
                // Update original values (and optionally any current values)
                // Would normally do this with just one method call
                context.Entry(blog).Property(e => e.Id).OriginalValue = updatedBlog.Id;
                context.Entry(blog).Property(e => e.Name).OriginalValue = updatedBlog.Name;
                context.Entry(blog).Property(e => e.Timestamp).OriginalValue = updatedBlog.Timestamp;

                context.SaveChanges();

                Assert.NotEqual(blog.Timestamp, currentTimestamp);
            }
        }

        public class BlogContextConcurrencyWithRowversion : ContextBase
        {
            public BlogContextConcurrencyWithRowversion(string databaseName)
                : base(databaseName)
            {
            }

            protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
            {
                modelBuilder.Entity<ConcurrentBlog>()
                    .Property(e => e.Timestamp)
                    .ValueGeneratedOnAddOrUpdate()
                    .IsConcurrencyToken();
            }
        }

        public class Blog
        {
            public int Id { get; set; }
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public DateTime CreatedOn { get; set; }
            public int? OtherId { get; set; }
        }

        public class NullableKeyBlog
        {
            public int? Id { get; set; }
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public DateTime CreatedOn { get; set; }
        }

        public class FullNameBlog
        {
            public int Id { get; set; }
            public string FirstName { get; set; }
            public string LastName { get; set; }
            public string FullName { get; set; }
        }

        public class GuidBlog
        {
            public Guid Id { get; set; }
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public Guid NotId { get; set; }
        }

        public class ConcurrentBlog
        {
            public int Id { get; set; }
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public byte[] Timestamp { get; set; }
        }

        public abstract class ContextBase : DbContext
        {
            private readonly string _databaseName;

            protected ContextBase(string databaseName)
            {
                _databaseName = databaseName;
            }

            public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
            public DbSet<NullableKeyBlog> NullableKeyBlogs { get; set; }
            public DbSet<FullNameBlog> FullNameBlogs { get; set; }
            public DbSet<GuidBlog> GuidBlogs { get; set; }
            public DbSet<ConcurrentBlog> ConcurrentBlogs { get; set; }

            protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
                => optionsBuilder
                    .EnableServiceProviderCaching(false)
                    .UseJet(
                        JetTestStore.CreateConnectionString(_databaseName),
                        TestEnvironment.DataAccessProviderFactory,
                        b => b.ApplyConfiguration());
        }
    }
}